Steve Jobs :: essays research papers

Steve JobsBorn 1955 Los Altos CA Evangelic bad boy who, with Steve Wozniak, co-founded apple Computer Corporation and became a multimillionaire before the age of 30. later on started the NeXT Corporation to provide an educational system at areasonable price, but found that software was a better seller than hardware.Steven Paul, was an deprive adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs of Mountain popular opinion,California in February 1955. Jobs was not happy at school in Mountain View sothe family go to Los Altos, California, where Steven attended Homestead HighSchool. His electronics teacher at Homestead High, Hohn McCollum, recalled hewas "something of a loner" and "always had a different way of looking atthings."Going to work for Atari after leaving Reed College, Jobs renewed his friendshipwith Steve Wozniak. The two designed reckoner games for Atari and a telephone"blue box", getting much of their impetus from the Homebrew Computer Club.Beginning work in the Jo bs family garage they gentlemans gentlemanaged to make their first"killing" when the Byte Shop in Mountain View bought their first fifty fullyassembled computers. On this basis the Apple Corporation was founded, the namebased on Jobs favorite fruit and the logo.Steve Jobs innovative idea of a personel computer led him into revolutionizingthe computer hardware and software industry. When Jobs was twenty one, he and afriend, Wozniak, built a personel computer called the Apple. The Apple changedpeoples idea of a computer from a gigantic and inscrutable mass of vacuum tubesonly use by big business and the government to a small box used by ordinarypeople. No company has done more to democratize the computer and make it user-friendly than Apple Computer Inc. Jobs software development for the mackre-introduced windows interface and mouse technology which set a standard forall applications interface in software.Two years after building the Apple I, Jobs introduced the Apple II. Th e Apple IIwas the best buy in personal computers for home and small business throughoutthe following five years. When the Macintosh was introduced in 1984, it wasmarketed towards strength and large businesses. The Macintosh took the first majorstep in adapting the personal computer to the needs of the corporate work force.Steve Jobs was considered a brilliant young man in Silicon Valley, because hesaw the future demands of the computer industry. He was able to build a personalcomputer and market the product. His innovative ideas of user-friendly softwarefor the Macintosh changed the design and functionality of software interfacescreated for computers. The Macintoshs interface allowed people to interact

Gilman Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

Gilman Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilmans concise chronicle, The Yellow Wallpaper, is the disheartening tale of a woman suffering from postpartum depression. Set during the late 1890s, the story shows the mental and emotional results of the typical rest recuperate prescribed during that era and the narrators reaction to this course of intervention. It would appear that Gilman was writing about her own anguish as she herself underwent such a treatment with Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell in 1887, just two years after the birth of her daughter Katherine. The rest redress that the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper describes is very stiff to what Gilman herself experienced therefore, the story can be read as reflecting the feelings of women like herself who suffered through such treatments. Because of her experience with the rest cure, it can even be state that Gilman based the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper loosely on herself. But I believe that expressing her ne gative feelings about the popular rest cure is only half of the message that Gilman wanted to send. Within the subtext of this story lies the theme of oppression the oppression of the rights of women especially inside of marriage. Gilman was using the woman/women behind the wallpaper to express her personal views on this issue. The two common threads that connect Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the narrator in her story are depression/postpartum depression, and entrapment within their roles as of women. Specifically, Gilman and the narrator are trying to escape the function society has placed on them. First, after fulfilling their expected duties as wife and mother, both Gilman and the narrator plow depressed after the birth of their child. It is this d... ...f all of those creeping women trying to escape from the oldness that trapped them, acted as a premonition for changes in womens rights movement (Gilman 89). For Gilman and her story The Yellow Wallpaper life is imitating art. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Images of Woman in American Popular Culture. Ed. Angela G. Dorenkamp, et al. Port Worth Harcourt Brace, 1995. 78-89. Kessler, Carol Parley. Charlotte Perkins Gilman 1860 -1935. Modem American Women Writers. Ed. Elaine Showalter, et al. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1991. 155 -169. Scharnhorst, Gary. Gilman. Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Ed. Noelle Watson. Detroit St. James Press, 1994. 209-210. Wagner-Martin, Linda. The Yellow Wallpaper. Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Ed. Noelle Watson. Detroit St. James Press, 1994. 981- 982.

Surplus :: essays research papers

Due to outstanding economic times we now face a federal budget plain. This surplus is the first one since the mid sixties. onwards now we defy been in a federal deficit. Because our good situation we are face with a tough decision what do we do with the unnecessary money. Some people think we should put the money in government programs others think we should give it grit to the people who gave the government the money. Giving the money back to the taxpayers appears to be the most logical thing to do with the surpluses.The government has a moral obligation to give the money back to the taxpayers. The government does not have anything to overleap the money on now. Just because we have the money doesnt mean we have to spend it. We do not pauperisation to search for programs to spend our money on. Therefore we must give back the money while we still have it.Tax rates are at an all-time peacetime high. When chairwoman Clinton took office, federal Taxes consumed 17.8 cents out of e very dollar earned in the United States. Now the federal Governments take is 20.6 cents out of every dollar. (USA Today) figure projections indicate that over the next ten years, the federal government will have huge budget surpluses totaling about $3 trillion. If we have a surplus at a high tax rate, why cant the government take what it needs and displace the tax rate?We need to lower taxes to a rate where the government does not take more than it needs. An example of how these types of practices are unheard of anywhere else is as followed If I were to go to a money box and ask for a car loan of $10,000 and the car only costs $8,000 the bank would demand that I lower the loan amount to $8,000. Then I might say, I can find other things to spend the $2,000 on. The loan officer would laugh and say, Im sure you could but I cant give you more that you need. The people who oppose cutting taxes clearly believe that the money generated by federal taxes actually belongs to the federal go vernment. legion(predicate) of us who want the government to give the money back to the people believe that the money belongs to the people who paid the taxes and if they are paying more than we need to run the government, we should give it back.

Middle East foreign policies :: essays research papers

Disaster Fear Terrorism What seemed to be a scene from Die Hard is what struck home in the States on Sept. 11. The attacks on the World Trade Center leads back to many problems with our foreign relations. Our foreign relations policies have been recently getting a grant of countries angry and frustrated, the major problem being that we interfered with Palestinian and Israeli conflicts by offering war support to Israel. Aiding wholeness side or another is a very tricky business, especially when it involves a religious war.We should have just offered support to try bringing the two countries to peace, not military support. Amazingly, the policy of support Israel still continues, building settlements on what everyone knew was Palestinian land and selling weapons to Israel. We should not have interfered by helping Israel and for so long. It is hard to sit aside and be a spectator during a war, but when it involves religion, I would stay out. Religious wars are fought with a deep veng eance. It would not be the first time that the States has tried to stay out of a war, we have done so in more atrocious wars like the genocide put on by the Nazis. I think America intervened in Israel for more political reasons than any subject else.Due to our foreign policy in the Middle East, over the years weve acquired many enemies and adversaries, one of them being Osama Bin Laden. When we set up military bases in Saudi Arabia during and after the Gulf War, it exaggerated Osamas anger because Saudi Arabia houses two of the holiest Islamic shrines. The build up of this anger led to the sad tragedy of the September 11th terrorist attack on America. The point I am trying to generate is that it could have been avoided if we worked on our foreign policy more with Saudi Arabia and Israel and didnt let the anti-American resentment get so strong. Whats done is done, and the unless thing we can do now is to learn from our mistakes. I believe the first order of business is to prosecut e Bin Laden and his terrorist faction. The next tonicity is to slowly remove support in Israel. I emphasize slowly because we previously helped them for many years, and cant abruptly end it. The first thing we should wean is the selling of weapons to Israel. Selling weapons to one side of the conflict is pretty much an act of war on Palestine.

The Entrepreneur :: small business self employed

In the United States, approximately one in eight adults are self-employed. In their minds exists a one common dream. This is the entrepreneurial dream of self-employment. It is the freedom to start, grow, and cash in a new business. Most of the extravagant millionaires of today build up their wealth in this way. An entrepreneur is someone who has the ability to build and develop his own business. In todays fast paced world of business, many people chose to work for themselves. A career as an entrepreneur is a risky, yet personally rewarding endeavor.Entrepreneurs start from ground zero with probably only a dollar in their pocket.Entrepreneurship is the ability to create and build something from practically nothing (Timmons 1). Entrepreneurs should be admired more than anything fortheir hard work and determination. It is initiating, doing, achieving, and building an enterprise or organization, rather than entirely watching, analyzing or describing one. It is the knack for sensing an opportunity where others see chaos, contradiction and confusion. It is the ability to build a founding team to complement your own skills and talents. It is the know-how to find, marshal and realise resources (often owned by others) and to make sure you dont run out of money when you need it most. (Timmons 1). To be anentrepreneur, it takes the willingness to prosper with calculated risks both personal and financial-and then do everything possible to get the odds in your favor.Driven by an intense commitment and determined perseverance, entrepreneurs work very hard at what they do. They excel and expect to win. Entrepreneurs are amazing people with a high respect of character. They use their mistakes as something to learn from rather than a failure. No matter the outcome, they believe in themselves and have an extreme confidence not only in themselves, but also in what they do.Entrepreneurs who start and build new businesses are more renowned than studied. Th ey embody, in the popular imagination and in the eyes of some scholars, the virtues of boldness, ingenuity, leadership, persistence and determination. Policymakers see them as a crucial source of employment and productivity growth. as yet our systematic knowledge of how entrepreneurs start and grow their businesses is limited. The activity does not occupy a prominent place in the study of business and economics.

Black People and African American Actors Essay

We dismal men have a hard enough time in our own struggle for justice, and already have enough enemies as it is, to make the drastic mistake of attacking each other and adding more weight to an already unbearable load. (Malcolm X) African American men through time have struggled for a power that is out of their reach because others hold the power. August Wil boys Fences displays a Psychological/Psychoanalytic approach by illuminating the inherent injustice in Americas treatment of African American males and the ways in which this racial discrimination affects and invades the societal units the family.The conventional husband-wife and father-son conflicts are subservient to the plays discussion of racism. Fences is a drama that focuses on the characteristics of black life in a sm exclusively inhabit in 1957 and the strains of society of the Maxson family. The play shows how the main character struggles against his oppressive agone and his present surroundings, and when he tries to regain the power in his life, he fails, and ends up carry down other with him. The protagonist, troy Maxson is a restless trash-collector and former baseball player for the Negro League.In the play, Fences, troys past dictates the kind of populace he is today. His father, an opprobrious unsuccessful sharecropper, has had a major impact on troy weight. Troy states, just now Ill grade this for himhe felt a province toward us. (1310 all page references are to class text Literature an Introduction to Reading and Writing, 5th ed. ) This comment is the one skinny thing that Troy has to say rough his father. Despite his fathers meanness, he did feel a sense of duty toward his family. After an incident with his father beating him unconscious, Troy left hand home at the age of fourteen (Wilson 1311).Leaving the oppressive rule of his father should have brought Troy a feeling of freedom, but Troy name the exact opposite. Troy found that there were no furrows or places for bla cks to live so he began stealing to survive. He met a wo part and got her pregnant with his set- stake son. Lyons. The business weighed on him because now he had two more mouths to feed (Wilson 1311). To take foreboding of his family, he continued to steal which ended him jail for fifteen years and this is where he learned to play baseball. Troy Maxson was a great baseball player, at least according to his friend Bono.Although he played brightly for the Negro Leagues, by the time that blacks were allowed into the major League Troy was alike old. In Troys self-created illusion, he believes that he would have made it to the Major League if it were not for the color of his skin (Wilson 1292). Because he never earned the recognition or the money, which he felt he deserved, the discussion of professional sports for attain often send him into a tirade. In a discussion with Bono and Rose concerning Cory recruitment by a college football team, Troy states, Jackie Robinson wasnt nobod y.Im talking about if you could play ball then they ought to have let you play. Dont care what color you were. (1. 1. 78). Troy points out the blatant racism that kept him from a career in the major leagues. He was just as good, if not better, than legion(predicate) of the flannel players, and yet he did not ticktock a shot. Troy, now cardinal, has long retired from baseball he makes a living for himself and his family as a garbage man, and nurses his well-earned bitterness. His life has been warped by uncontaminating racism, and in turn, Troy is helpless to keep himself from warping his sons life.Because of the racism, Troy has suffered in life and the tumultuous relationship with his father, Troy tries to control both is sons lives. Troy has a low expectation of what black men can do with their lives, and is holding his sons back from obtaining successes that Troy could only dream about obtaining. Lyons is ambitious talented jazz musician. Lyons jazz playing appears to Troy as an unconventional and foolish occupation. In the beginning of Fences, Lyons comes to Troy to borrow ten dollars because he girlfriend Bonnie has a job working at the hospital.In Troys mind, Lyon is failing in his duty as a man by not taking care of his woman. Troy lectures Lyons, I done learned my mistakes and learned to do whats right it. You s savings bank trying to get something for nothing. Life dont owe you nothing. You owe it to yourself. (1. 1. 145). The quotation is an example of how Troy feels the black man will never amount to anything in the clean mans world. He also tries to control his son, Corys future because he see that he is going down the same alley the Troy was on and was rejected from.Troy tells his wife Rose The white man aint gonna let him get nowhere with the football. (1. 1. 65). Through racial discrimination is suave a huge problem in America during the 50s, things have gotten more equal, especially in the world of sports. Troy however is too stubbor n and bitter to admit there has been some progress. Troy is now a fifty-three year old African American male who workings for the sanitation department. Troy works to gain power as a man by changing his job situation. Troy goes to his stump, Mr. Rand and asks him Why? Why you got white mens driving and the colored lifting? (1. 1. 10).Troy sees this as oppression, though he knows that he has a job that is awarded to both white and black men, the racial line is till carefully drawn. He is determined to cross this line because he cannot handle any racial prejudices in his life. Troy continues to recount his fight with his boss to his long-time friend, Bono. Troy states, You think only white fellows got sense enough to drive a truck. That aint no paper job (1. 1. 10). Troy feels that blacks are good enough to be drivers he assumes that they would not be able to handle paper or office jobs.This is another example of how racism is so intrench that black citizenry are a little racist against themselves. Troys characters sought after this job in order to gain back some of the power in his life, even though he does not have a license to drive. He is finally able to prove to himself and the people around him that he is precious and just as good as any other man, including white men. As a father, Troy feels obligated to propose the necessities of life, but he seems to think his duties end there.During a discussion between Cory and Troy, when Cory asked he father, How come you never liked me? Troy replies, You live in my signalsleep your behind on my bedclothesfill you belly up with my foodcause you my son. You my flesh and blood. Not cause I like you? make its my duty to take care you. (1. 3. 107). It is clear the legacy of racism threatens to take another generation. However, he was unable to provide for his family alone and had to use the tragical injuries of his brother, Gabriel, a domain War II veteran.Troy uses this money to pay for his kin. He says, If my brother didnt have that metal plate in his thinkerI wouldnt have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of. And Im fifty-three years old. (1. 2. 64). He feels weighed down by the guilt of victimization his brothers destruction as a way to jumpstart his own life. He feels like the only reason he has anything is the fact that his brother life was ruined. Through he has a loving relationship with his wife Rose, he still strays and finds a woman with which he feels he can be a different man.He uses this affair as a way to escape from the responsibility of his life and the constant reminders of his shortcomings as a man. When trying to explain why he had the affair he tells Rose, I can step out of this house and get away from the pressures and problemsbe a different man. I aint got to wonder how Im gonna pay the bills or get the crownwork fixed. I can just be a part of myself that I aint never been. (2. 1. 98). His affairs results in a baby, and he necessitate Rose to he lp him, after his mistress, Alberta, died. Rose accepts the responsibility of raising this child, but she has cut off all emotion bonds with Troy.Rose tells him Ill take care of you baby for youcause like you sayshes innocentand you cant visit the sins of the father upon the child. From right nowthis child got a mother. But you a womanless man. (2. 3. 4). It is with this act that Troy loses more of his control and finds himself even more emasculated than before. Troy was unable to see that he did have control oer one aspect of his life, yet he was too worried about proving his worth to others and to himself, that he proved his unworthiness to his own wife.Troy is a fretful victim of his lifes circumstances, a man who has become fenced in from happiness by the conviction that he was never paid what he was owed in any right not from his father, not from his former baseball career, not from his employers, and not from his family. Troy tried to take back the power that was taken from him by demanding that his loved ones live practical, responsible lives while he has the freedom to have an affair, rebel against racist practices of his employers by protesting the limitation of black workers as lifters not drivers on the trash trucks.Troy refuses to see life in any presented to him but the way he perceives events in his own head. Eventually, Troys death leaves many negative attributes an inheritance for his family to sort out and accept. Fences I. INTRODUCTION (4-6 sentences) A. Quote B. Thesis SentenceThe play illuminate the inherent injustice in the Americas treatment of black men and the ways in which this racism affects and invades the family. 1. The conflicts in the play show has racism affected the family. 2. Set in 1957 after World War II when blacks still are fighting for power.3. Shows how the characters struggle against his oppressive past and present, and when he tries to regain power he fails and brings down others around him. II. system (minimum of th ree paragraphs) A. inaugural Supporting Paragraph (8-12 sentences) 1. Topic SentenceTroys past dictates the kind of man he is today a. dependent The ways he was raised b. Focus why he left home and what he did when he left home 2. 1st Subtopic SentenceHis father was an abusive unsuccessful sharecropper second Subtopic Sentenceleft home at an early age and landed in jail.3. Concluding Sentence uneducated black man did what he had to do to serve. B. 2nd Supporting Paragraph (8-12 sentences) 1. Topic SentenceTroys injustice dealing with his career a. Subject confused opportunity due to racism towards blacks in sports b. Focus why is lost his opportunity to be the man he thought he was supposed to be and how he handles it 2. 1st Subtopic Sentence during that time blacks were only allowed to play in the Negro League. 2nd Subtopic SentenceAny talk about sports through Troy into a tirade. 3.Concluding SentenceBecause of the oppression that was placed on him, it causes he to oppress oth ers dreams C. 3rd Supporting Paragraph (8-12 sentences) 1. Topic SentenceThe affect his past has on him and sons a. SubjectTroys low expectation for options that the black man has in a career b. FocusHe holds his sons back from realizing their dreams 2. 1st Subtopic SentenceThinks he son Lyon is wasting his life by not accepting a job that is thought as acceptable in the white man world 2nd Subtopic SentenceDoes not want his son Cory to follow in footsteps as an athlete because of how he was treated.3. Concluding SentenceTroy is too stubborn and bitter to admit there have been changes since his time concerning treatment of black athletes D. 4th Supporting Paragraph (8-12 sentences) 1. Topic SentenceHis job and racism a. SubjectWhites has the better job in the sanitation department b. FocusTries to change his job situation 2. 1st Subtopic SentenceTroy goes to his boss and confronts him about the racism at work 2nd Subtopic SentenceTroy himself is racist toward other blacks 3. Conclud ing SentenceTroy is able to prove to himself and family that is worthy and as a good as any white man.E. 5th Supporting Paragraph (8-12 sentences) 1. Topic SentenceResponsibilities as a father a. SubjectTroy believes that a father is only supposed to provide for his family b. Focushow he goes about it 2. 1st Subtopic SentenceTells he son that he doesnt have to love him he just has to make sure that he has a roof over his head 2nd Subtopic SentenceProvides for his family by using his brother 3. Concluding Sentence F. 5th Supporting Paragraph (8-12 sentences) 1. Topic SentenceThe effect it has on him relationship with his wifea. Subjecthas an affair b.Focusblames his responsibilities on his affair 2. 1st Subtopic SentenceTells his wife that he now choice but to cheat because of the things he has to do to make a life for his family 2nd Subtopic SentenceLoses he wife 3. Concluding Sentenceis further emasculated III. CONCLUSION (3-4 sentences) A. Troy is a victim of life his father, his dead career, his job and family all play are part B. Troy tries to control his life but the decision he makes lead him to be more oppressed then he was before. He is stuck in the past and cannot move forward with his life. His death continues the cycle.

Stereotype and Term Crooked Politician

Stereotypes argon rampant in our culture and have been a dilapidating issue in our civilization for a long period. The use of classs to judge other(a) human being can cause serious detriment to the success and happiness of others. Understanding what stereotypes are and how they came about is important to eradicate the use of stereotypes and be able to assess a persons worth based on their own individual traits. Some of the most common stereotypes are among politicians, tattooed persons, libbers, and old citizens.I will uncover the stereotypes associated with these groups, how the stereotypes are used and why, and how stereotyping most definitely leaves a negative effect. Stereotyped Groups There is a vast majority of muckle that are stereotyped. When a stereotype is implemented, it groups individuals into a certain category (Moore, Parker, 2004). This poses a difficult standard because most people can fit into several categories based on different factors such as religion, rac e, sex, and personality traits among other features.When someone chooses to group people and give that group a description, they are opting to provoke a feeling or image about a group of people based on little or no evidence (Moore, Parker, 2004, p. 130). Political cues and stereotypes are tombstone elements in the political spectrum that undoubtedly propel a certain gage in voters decisions (Johnston, 1981). Politicians have always had a general stereotype of being dishonest. The term crooked politician is a common one, and is seemingly used on a regular basis. Although there are mendacious politicians, it is unfair to ascertain that all or most of politicians have this characteristic.If a politician believes in a different ideal than a citizen, or if that politician just now belongs to the opposing political party, it is unfortunate that he or she may very well be coined as a dishonest politician. This is a form of scoff and slander. It is the more appropriate form of judgmen t to assess the unique traits and beliefs of that individual politician rather than putting them into a class of untrustworthy representatives by default. another(prenominal) stereotype falls into the lap of tattooed persons. Those with tattoos have a stereotype of being tough, scary, and delinquent.One study perpetuated results that children connect a strong negative assumption about tattoos (Durkin, Houghton, 2000). Similarly, in this study it was also purported that young people who initiate interest in getting tattoos are aware of the stigma of criminality attached to those with tattoos or automobile trunk art (Durkin, Houghton, 2000). Many people who choose to cover their bodies with tattoos do so with a creative edge and it does not represent any delinquency per se. However, it is straightforward that many criminals and gangs have tattoos as standards, and this realization seems to bleed into the mainstream population of those with tattoos.It is unfortunate that society deem s those with tattoos as estranged wrongdoers as it certainly impinges on the ability to step-up employment or be generally respected and greeted appropriately by others. Feminists have long been looked upon as abrasive activists. Feminism started out this way in the 1960s in order to appease the needs of women and obtain rights. Some feminists have been extreme with their attitudes and choices of activism, but it does not necessarily represent the entire feminist population. Many feminists are not radicals but are mild heroines of womens rights.Although some women have positive views of feminism as it related to fighting sexism and intimate oppression, only 12% of 200 college women in one particular study readily identified themselves in a feminist group (Roy, Weibust, Miller, 2007). This shows that feminism fluid has a negative connotation and most are scared to endorse feminism despite some of the positive aspects it entails. One last stereotype that seems exceedingly unfortuna te is that of senior citizens. Most people have the view that elderly people are slow and dumb. This comes from some facts pertaining to old age that include stultification of the mind and body.However, it is very clear that many senior citizens have active lifestyles and are healthy and happy. Furthermore, the aspect of this stereotype that is most regrettable is that unlike the other groups that were discussed such as politicians, feminists, and tattooed persons, being elderly is not a choice everyone comes to that stage in life. Therefore, perhaps the stereotypes forced upon senior citizens are by cold the most pertinent examples of a lack of philanthropy and signify how stereotypes are harmful, outrageous slanters that lack conviction and critical thinking.The Truth Behind Stereotypes Stereotypes were developed on assumptions without any evidence. However, most stereotypes come alive with part loyaltys that permeate the surface. There are relevant facts that pertain to stereo types that have been witnessed within a particular group. This is mayhap the most crucial aspect of stereotyping. Because of this, most people engage in stereotypes without recourse because they believe that they are expressing truth. After all, some politicians are dishonest while some tattooed people are definitely unlawful.And most people can see that feminists are usually radicals while senior citizens are most surely slow and lack wit. However, it is not viable to put all individuals who share those labels into one group because there are most certainly many people that can be in those categories who invoke a ration of the unexpected. That is why truth should not be used as a scapegoat when applying stereotypes, because truth is whole and encompassing. Stereotypes clearly only deal with some and not the entire portion, therefore there is no truth to stereotypes.

Managing Oneself

Managing Oneself By Peter Drucker Tami Cusick Loma Linda University EMMC 453 The article Managing Oneself is mainly about that in order to be successful you have to love and understand yourself. I agreed with Drucker that if you have ambition and smarts and work your way up in your profession that it doesnt matter where you started. There are legion(predicate) upper level managers that started as a field employee inwardly AMR. It is clear that they were ambitious and chose to continue on in this profession and just look at where it has taken them.Some important themes are mentioned in this article. First is knowing your strengths. With this it is important to know that we have choices and knowing our strengths will help us know where we belong. I especially enjoyed the portion where the author talks about doing a feedback analysis. I would have never thought that this simple process may explain a number of things about myself that I would never have expected before. Then there is the concentration on the strengths that is really important.You need to focus on your strengths which disregard then produce results. Something else key is use your manners. Simple pleases and thank yous can go a long way. Even when your mean solar day is crappy and you are mad at the world, your manners may save you from an unpleasant conversation from your boss because you were rude or inappropriate with a co-worker. other thing to remember is that in order to perform you have to know how you learn. Learning behaviors are an important factor in the learning process.Understanding your learning style can make a enormous difference in the knowledge that you gain in the simplest tasks. Most importantly, as the author points out, is dont diverge yourself, work hard at improving yourself and try not to work on things you cannot perform at your best. In order to be effective within an organization, you must be compatible with the values of the business. For example, at AMR our missi on is patient focused, care giver inspired and customer centered.This is certainly true for me. I am always focused on the patients and there needs at the time of our encounter. I like to inspire other care givers and our patients are our customers. If you focus on your patient then you are actively being customer centered. Something else to remember is that understanding the strengths of the people you work with will ultimately help you become more effective. When co-workers know and use each others strengths to work together and develop a better outcome.

Economies and Balance Midterm Exam Essay

1. Economies of Scope refers to situations where per unit exists argon2. For a short-run cost go bad which of the following storys is (are) not true?3. consort to the theory of cost, specialization in the use of variable resources in the short-run results initially in4. Economies of scale exist whenever long-run average costs5. The human race of diseconomies of scale (size) for the firm is hypothesized to result from6. If TC = 321 + 55Q 5Q2, then average total cost at Q = 10 is7. Using demand and supply curves for the Japanese waste based on the $/ price for yen, an increase in US INFLATION RATES would8. An appreciation of the U.S. dollar has what impact on Harley-Davidson (HD), a U.S. manufacturer of motorcycles?9. In a recession, the trade balance often improves because10. The purchasing power parity hypothesis implies that an increase in inflation in one country coition to another will over a long period of time11. Companies that reduce their margins on export products in the face of appreciation of their home capital may be motivated by a desire to12. The import of Apple iPads assembled in Shanghai at a $295 wholesale price ($213 cost and $82 profit margin) adds more than it should to the U.S. trade deficit with China because13. Trading partners should specialize in producing goods in accordance with comparative advantage, then trade and change in consumption because14. Marginal factor cost is specify as the amount that an additional unit of the variable input adds to ____.15. The marginal product is defined as16. The isoquants for inputs that are perfect complements for one another consist of a series of17. The primary purpose of the Cobb-Douglas power function is to18. Given a Cobb-Douglas achievement function estimate of Q = 1.19L.72K.18 for a given industry, this industry would lay down19. In a production process, an excessive amount of the variable input relative to the hardened input is being used to produce the desired output. This stat ement is true for20. An warning of a time series data set is one for which the21. Smoothing techniques are a form of ____ techniques which assume that there is an underlying pattern to be found in the historical values of a variable that is being harbinger22. For studying demand relationships for a proposed new product that no one has ever used before, what would be the best method to use?23. Time-series forecasting models24. The pas seul in an economic time-series which is caused by major expansions or contractions usually of greater than a year in duration is known as25. Consumer expenditure plans is an example of a forecasting method. Which of the general categories best described this example?26. Given a Cobb-Douglas production function estimate of Q = 1.19L.72K.18 for a given industry, this industry would have27. In a production process, an excessive amount of the variable input relative to the fixed input is being used to produce the desired output. This statement is true f or28. The primary purpose of the Cobb-Douglas power function is to29. Which of the following statements concerning the long-run average cost curve of economic theory is true?30. The cost function is31. What method of inventory valuation should be used for economic decision-making problems?32. According to the theory of cost, specialization in the use of variable resources in the short-run results initially in

Learning and Cognition

Running head LEARNING AND COGNITION PAPER Learning and acquaintance Paper LaTrice N. Weams PSY/ 390 Esther Siler-Colbert, M. S. , ABD April 8, 2013 Learning and Cognition Paper Examining the unlike patterns surrounded around instruction and cognition and how they relate to each other will be the main focus of the paper. Giving a true commentary of what learning really is and how behavior determines how some one(a) learns will provide enlightenment on how learning toilet be achieved when being done according to ones learning abilities and cognition.What is the definition of learning? What role does behavior play in learning? Learning can be easily depict as a combination of comprehension, knowledge, or understanding which has been deposit together to gain a complete understanding of what is being understood. However, in psychology Gregory A. Kimble (19172006), defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavioral potentiality that occurs as a result of reinforced prac tice (Kimble, 1961, p. 6).Kimbles definition includes 5 important aspects being (1) an observable behavior, (2) a semi-permanent change in ones behavior, (3) the change in behavior does not need to be immediate, (4) survive or practice comes after the learned behavior, and (5) the aforementioned experience or practice needs to be reinforced. The behavior of constantly trying a concept multiple times until the desired level of achievement has been achieved is how learning is done. Since it is hard to show a tangible depiction of what learning is actively B.F. Skinner headstrong to make a box into which he put animals and was able to physically observe what learning was from watching the animals an action. What are two different types of learning? cast each one in your response. The two different types of learning are instrumental and classical condition. Conditioning is a term that can be apply as a descriptive measure for learning there are two types of conditioning instrumental and classical (Olson, 2009).Instrumental conditioning can be described as ploughing for a reward. Putting a child in a room with a gumball machine and pennies can prove instrumental conditioning is real. Once the child sees the gumball machine they will want one out of there. It will only take a few moments for the child to realize that they can put a penny in the machine and receive a gumball. This understanding was determined by B. F. Skinner when he put the animal in a box with a lever that produced a treat when the learned to push the lever.Classical conditioning was introduced by Ivan Pavlov and simply states that someone or something can be trained with a conditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response. For instance an adult that has the same lunch break every day at work is classically conditioned. The conditioned stimulus is the certain time of day that they go to break on a daily basis and the unconditioned response would be getting hungry pains every day at tha t time once that lunch break has been passed. What is the relationship between learning and cognition? hand over a specific example.The relationship between learning and cognition is one that one needs the other in order to make learning possible. Cognition is the steps that one would go through in order to learn or gain knowledge to a certain skill. From infancy to Adulthood large number go through certain levels of expected cognition to aid in the learning process. People are supposed to gain a certain add up of understanding so that learning can be proven that it is actually taking place. One specific example of learning and cognition would be a child learning how to read.They have to go through certain steps to be able to learn to read. Knowledge of alphabets, acknowledgement of alphabets, being able to put alphabets together to create words, understanding of what those words mean, and putting those words together to make sentences in which understanding is fully acknowledged are the steps that a child goes through to learn to read. This paper has provided an understanding as to what learning is and how behavior is a main factor when it comes to how a person learns.It also provides a definition of what two learning types, which are instrumental and classical conditioning, with understanding as to how the two are distinguished from another. Understanding that cognition is the process that learning is acquired and without it neither one of them could exist alone. References Olson, M. H. & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2009). An introduction to theories of learning (8th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall. Kimble, G. A. (1961). Hilgard and Marquis conditioning and learning (2nd ed. ). Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall.

Childcare system Essay

Many parents that have kids necessity to stay at ome during the betimes years of the childrens youth, but after those years they screwingt afford to go back to work. Over 50% of moms that usally stay home and want to go to work but just cant afford to acording to Ms. Truss. About 17% of moms that did work couldnt earn enough to be fitted to have money that would last awhile. While 12% cited a lack of job opportunities.Ms. Truss believes that stuff homogeneous this shouldnt stop people from helping the 52% of moms find an affordable childcare so that they can go out and looks for an affordable job. Mrs. Truss wants to have a deregulated childcare system, unlike the other childcares, to have a sinle nursery double with the amount of children they are responsable for. Anand Shukla, Chief Executive of the Family, Parenting Insitute, and Daycare Trust wonder if carers and the self-employed result be eligible for this financial support and said something about the devil will be in detail. The Labour has warned if they cut the nursery staffing levels, it could scupper child safty of the children that are being taken cared of while there parents are working.If stuff like this keeps happening, and they do cut nursery staffing levels, i think the job would get worse, kids might be killed from carlessness from the lowered class nursery staff, more parents would stay home to protect there kids. If they want to provent stuff like this, they cant cut the nusery staffing level and have to find something that is less important they can cut to be able to let mothers keep there jobs and so there kids can be safe. They could cut off stuff like entertainment or stuff like amusment parks, just some examples but in my oppion, taking care of the future generation is more important than these two examples. As long as they dont take drastic messures like cutting nursery staffing levels, the future for them looks pretty good as long as they cut stuff of less important value.

Outline the different forms of verbal and non-verbal communication Essay

Communication is the activity of conveying information through the deepen of thoughts, messages or information as by spoken wrangle, visuals, signals, written work or behaviour. It is the meaningful exchange of information amid two or more nutriment creatures. Communication requires a sender, a message and a recipient although the receiver does not have to be present or aware of the senders intent to communicate at the prison term of talk thus confabulation can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication flora in two systems which are verbal discourse and non-verbal communication whose forms this essay seeks to outline and discuss. Verbal communication is communication through a figure of speech and non-verbal communication is the process of communicating through sending and receiving wordless cues between muckle. Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally generally this is communication by word of mou th or a piece of composing. Verbal communication is further divided into two forms which are viva communication and written communication. In vocal exam communication, spoken words are gived. It includes instance to face conversation, video, radio, television, voice over the internet. In oral communication, communication is influenced by pitch, record, speed and clarity of speaking.Furthermore, oral communication, while primarily referring to spoken verbal communication, can too employ visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of meaning. vocal communication includes speeches, presentations, discussions and aspects of inter-personal communication. Oral communication alike garners immediate feedback. Examples of oral communication can include a mother asking her son about his day at school, beca practise of message and feedback a dialogue is created. More so, oral communication under verbal communication has its own advantages and in a face to face conve rsation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether they should trust what is being said or not. In addition, oral communication carries a disadvantage because in a face to face discussion, user is unable to deeply think what he is delivering, so this can be committed as a stream of sub consciousness hence content or message cannot be trusted to be reliable as well. In-addition, in written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate a written message may be printed or hand written. In written communication messages can be transmitted via email, letter, report,memo, only to mention to mention a few. Message in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used. Examples of written communication used for internal communication or personal attention are memos, reports, bulletins, employee manuals and electronic mail. For communication with the international env ironment in writing electronic mail, internet websites, letters, proposal, telegrams, only to mention a few.Furthermore, written communication has its advantages. Messages can be edited and revised galore(postnominal) times before they are actually sent hence clarity and transparency of information can be refined to suit the recipient. Also, written communication provides record for every message sent and can be saved for later study thus it can be used as deduction or evidence of the existence of certain situations. A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback. However written communication also has disadvantages. Unlike oral communication written communication doesnt bring instant feedback since the receiver has to first analyse the message sent and collaborate appropriate feedback, more so, if it is external communication through a letter the receiver might be far away thus a check over in the deliverance of the message. Furthermore, it takes more time in composing a written message as compared to word of mouth and a number of pack struggle for writing ability. On the other hand, the other system of communication is non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Therefore communication other than oral and written, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions is called non-verbal communication. According to Mehrabian (1972) non-verbal communication reports the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Non-verbal communication helps the receiver in interpreting the message received. Often, non-verbal signals reflect the situation more accurately than verbal messages. Sometimes non-verbal responses contradict verbal communication and hence pertain the effectiveness of message. More-so, non-verbal communication has three elements which are appearance, body language and sounds.Appearance includes the speaker , clothing, hairstyle, neatness and use of cosmetics, more-so, surrounding and furnishings. Body language includesfacial expressions, gestures and postures. Sounds includes voice tone, volume and speech rate. According to Martes (2011) forms of non-verbal communication are classified in seven types which are kinesics, proxemics, physical appearance, haptics or use of touch, vocalics or use of voice, chronemics or use of time, artifacts or use of objects. Martess theory argues that kinesics or body activity can be with the use of eye contact, facial expressions, gesture, and posture. eyeball contact is the way we look with people whom we are communicating. This shows paying attention. Facial expressions are important in conveying message to show our emotions. Gestures are the movements of our arms, hands, and fingers to describe or to give emphasis. Posture is the position of our body it is also a way of paying attention hence kinesics involves more body activity. In-addition proxem ics or the use of space shows nonverbal communication. Intimate distance for private conversations of close friends, Personal distance for casual conversations, Social distance for impersonal business, and Public distance for normal speeches hence by one distancing themselves from others shows a difference of interests. Also, physical appearance is also another form of non-verbal communication. Choice of clothing and personal dressing also communicate a message.The message one wants to send is determined on how he/she dresses and grooms themselves. People have a choice to choose which clothing styles and grooming behaviours they want but it should be accordingly. Haptics or use of touch also communicates as a non-verbal form. People communicate through touch by the use of hands. Hands can be used to hug slap, kiss, pat, hold, embrace, stroke and tickle. With these, a message in variety of meanings is conveyed. Touch can be gentle and sign depending on how it is done for which pur pose. Vocalics or use of voice is also known as paralanguage. This is a nonverbal sound of what is heard or how something is being said. It has 4 vocals characteristics pitch volume, rate and quality. The presence of vocal interferences or extraneous sounds interrupts a conversation of fluent speech. The use of time also known as chronemics also conveys meaning. Duration is the time regarded as appropriate for certain events or activities. Activity refers to what people perceive should be done in a given time period. Punctuality is the extent to which one adheres strictly to the appointed or regular time thus a message can be trusted or regarded reliable through the duration, activity and punctualityaspects respectivitly.Last but not least, artifacts are also a form of non-verbal communication. Artifacts are also use of objects. objective language refers to the meanings attributed to objects with we surround ourselves. It says something about someone because it represents the choice s he/she make. However both verbal and non-verbal communications are liable to barriers of communication. Since verbal communication involves the medium of language, people speak in different languages since they come from different places thus communication may be difficult, understanding may not be found between the two sources of the speaker and the recipient. Non-verbal language is also liable to barriers of communication since not everyone is literate and educated enough to read ones body language and discern the message within. In a nutshell communication occurs in two systems which are verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication also divides into two forms which are oral and written communication, non-verbal communication branches into seven forms which are kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, haptics, physical appearance, vocalic and artifacts.Reference listMaetes (2011). Theories of Non-verbal Communication.Mehrabian, A (1972). Non-verbal Communication. Transactio n Publishers.

Jem Finch Coming of Age Essay

Mental change is some other type of change that Jem goes through. Jemstart to think like an boastful as he gets older in the book. He images it at thetrial of Tim Robinson when the jury is in the jury elbow room and he starts to utter toReverend Sykes. He starts saying thing ab come out of the closet the trial and Reverend Sykes askhim not to talk like that in front of Scout. Which shows that he knows whathe is talking about. (see page 208-209). There is also the time when he had togo and read to Mrs. Dubose which he later finds out about her drug addictionwhich he fully understands.So those argon ways he changes mentally. Jem changes physically in many ways in the story. His hair stuck upbehind and down in front, and I wondered if it would it would ever look like amans-maybe if he shaved it off and started over, his hair would grow backneatly in place. His eyebrows were be access heavier, and I noticed a newslimness about his body. He was growing taller. (225) There was also wh en Jemtried to show Scout his hair on his chest which shows him growing upphysically. (see page225) So these things show how he changes physically tobecome more(prenominal) of a man as he hits puberty.Another change that Jem goes through is his aspecting toward himself andhow he starts to relish better about himself. When he gets home angiotensin converting enzyme day fromschool he shows that he is all sure-footed about making the football team and howhappy he is to be old enough to play. But notwithstanding though he doesnt get to playhe still remains happy with however being the waterboy and just being able to bethere watching. During the trial It was Jems turn to cry. which shows thathe was not afraid to just let his tactual sensation be show even though most peoplewouldnt have. 212) So these show that Jem can feel good about himself andalso feel bad but he can still let it out if he has to. One of the most important change that Jem goes through is taking and expectant ro le in Scouts life.He walks her to the school play and he protects herfrom Bob Ewell when he tries to kill them. This is the main one because if Jemdid try and closure Ewell Scout could have died and it would have show that Jemdidnt really have an adult role. Also another reason is when Jem tells Dillthat he shouldnt touch Boos house because if Boo kills him no one will bearound to keep an eye on Scout. 13) As you can see those where all ways that Jem shows his coming of age inthe book To Kill A Mocking Bird by Harper Lee.By changing socially he becomesmore likable. By changing emotionally with himself he becomes more confident. By changing mentally he starts to under stand more compicated things thatbefore he would have never knew about. By changing physically he becomes moreof a man and is more older. And finally by changing to be more of an adult tohis sister he becomes more aware of what an adult has to face.

Johannes Vermeer: Girl with a Pearl Earring Essay

Johannes Vermeers, Girl with a Pearl Earring was painted in 1665-66. It is oil on see icon of an ordinary girl that is turned sideways and appears that she is glancing over her left shoulder. Not too much is known about the girl, barely there are speculations that it could be one of three people. Some hypothesise it is his girlfriend Maria while others are torn between the daughter of Vermeers benefactor, Magdalena and a amah he hired to help with his masterpieces. The handmaid girl speculation was derived from a novel that was written by Tracy Chevalier and a film starring Scarlet Johansson, which was depicting a more romanticized theory of the explanation behind the Girl with the Pearl Earring. Personally speaking, I think it is a toss-up between his daughter or a servant girl like the movie depicts single reason for my belief of the servant girl mentality is because of the significance of the pearl itself. Not only is it a piece of jewelry but it symbolizes the virginity of the protagonist.The fact that Vermeer put so much emphasis on the earring could signify the he was emphasizing an anticipative virgin. Her eccentric attire with a pale, muddy brown turban, which was not a regular custom for that period, eludes me to look that it could be his daughter. Why? Well simply because the dress and the rest of the attire were considered special garments that were worn and love by children during that time. Vermeer Also known as The Mona Lisa of the North or the Dutch Mona Lisa this figurative theme has been thought-provoking spectators from around the world for many, many years. The high feebleing of the earring and the neat illuminating the girls face is one of the strengths of this painting. This naturalistic expressive style creates a realistic view. Dark space (background) surrounding the woman creates depth and makes the other colors in the paining more vivid.The intensity of the white, teardrop shape of the earring is the emphasis of the paint ing. Folds and shadows on her garment give heaviness and metric grain to the fabric. There is contrast between the brightness of her white blouse meeting up with the tone of the yellow fabric. The shadows from the light and the dark background help to bring out the 3 dimensional form of the girl. The blue severalise of the turban, painted with ultramarine. Ultramarine is a highly expensive pigment made out of crushed semi-precious stone. These, along with the yellow hues complement one another and go along with the flesh tone of the face. Thecasting of the light creates a symmetrical balance.Vermeers masterstroke with the collaboration of background light brings life to the entire color scheme. One of Vermeers main characteristics, a speckled methodology of applying paint, is known as pointille. Pointillism is a method of painting with dots to achieve various affects. You can see the use of this proficiency in this painting. One of the best examples of this technique would be the corner of her mouth that is highlighted with light colored points. Overall, Johannes Girl with a Pearl Earring is a wondrous masterpiece that represents unequivocal expressions in a profound way. It inspired things like a bestselling novel, a made movie, and a play all with the same title.Mauritshuis, The Royal Picture Gallery. Web. 5 Novemeber 2012

Dhaka Stock Exchange Collapse of 2010â€2011 Essay

non bad(p) of Bangladesh subscriber line permutation ( commandly known as DSE) is the main entrepot ex remove of Bangladesh. It is located in Motijheel at the heart of the Dhaka city. It was incorporated in 1954. Dhaka stock exchange is the first stock exchange of the farming. As of 18 August 2010, the Dhaka lineage Exchange had over 750 listed companies with a combined mart capization of $50.28 billion. 1.1 levelFirst incorporated as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Association Ltd in 28 April 1954 and started imposing calling in 1956. It was renamed as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Ltd in 23 June 1962. Again renamed as Dacca Stock Exchange Ltd in 13 May 1964. After the liberation war in 1971 the trading was discontinued for five years. In 1976 trading restarted in Bangladesh, on 16 phratry 1986 DSE was started. The enactment for calculating DSE all bundle terms baron was changed according to IFC on 1 November 1993. The automated trading was initiated in 10 August 1998 an d started on 1 January 2001. Central Depository System was initiated in 24 January 2004. As of November 16, 2009, the benchmark index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) crossed 4000 foreshadows for the first clock, setting some other new laid- posterior at 4148 points. In 2010, the index crossed 8500 points and finally crashed in the first force of 2011. 1.2 FormationDhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is a semipublic limited company. It is formed and managed under telephoner Act 1994, certification and Exchange Commission Act 1993, Security and Exchange Commission Regulation 1994, and Security Exchange (Inside Trading) regulation 1994. The issued capital of this company is Tk.500,000 which is divided up to 250 parcel of lands each pricing Tk. 2000. No case-by-case or firm can buy much than one percent. According to stock grocery expectation muchover members can participate in the floor and can buy deals for himself or his clients. At bounty it has 238 members. Market capit alization of the Dhaka Stock Exchange reached adeptly $9 billion in September 2007 and $27.4 billion on Dec 9, 2009. 1.3 ManagementThe management and operation of Dhaka Stock Exchange is entrusted on a 25 members Board of Director. Among them 12 are select from DSE members, a nonher 12 are selected from assorted trade bodies and relevant organizations. The CEO is the 25th ex-officio member of the board. The following organizations are currently holding positions in DSE Board Bangladesh BankICBchairwoman of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh President of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of craft and Industries President of Metropolitan Chambers of Commerce and Industries Professor of Finance Department of Dhaka UniversityPresident of DCCI (Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry)1.4 Trading timeThe Dhaka Stock Exchange is open for trading Sunday through atomic consequence 90 surrounded by 1030am 230pm BST, with the exception of holidays declared by the Exchange in advance. In the month of Ramadan, the exchange is open for trading between 1030am 130pm BST. 2. Previous major crash Stock food grocery store crash in 1996The number of BO account holders in 1996 was only 300,000 and most of them were new in the grocery store. At that time it was not easy for investors to detect the fake appropriates from the genuine ones. Because during the crash of 1996, paper component parts apply to be sold in front of DSE. at that place was no automated trading system, surveillance was not noticeable enough, and there were no circuit breakers as well as international protection. From 1991 to the end of 1995, DSE General world power harm gained by 139.3 per cent and reached 834 point.Butin 1996, the market experienced a salient change and pushed the monetary value index up by 337 percent. DSE General mogul recorded a spirited growth from July and stood at 3648.7 points on 5th November 1996. Besides, Chittagong Stock Exchange experienced the kindred change and grew by 258 percent. Chittagong Stock Exchange index change magnitude from 409 to 1157 points in 1996 within a one years time. But the steps taken by the government did not work. The index lost over 233 points on November 6, 1996. After the bubble burst, DGEN index dropped to its utmost point and stood at 957 in April 1997. It stood at around the same point, where it was 10 months before and DSE General cost Index lost almost 70 percent from its highest point in November 1996. Then the index continued to decrease for the next 7 years until April 2004. During this long period, DGEN Index seldom crossed 1000 point. In light this can be described by apply a graphical presentation.Figure 1. Scenario of overlap harm index points of Dhaka Stock Exchange3. shed light on of market crush in 2010-2011The stock market crashed again in 2010-2011. The major causes are as follows- 3.1 Margin Calls & Ilfluidity crisisWhen investors pay a part of future market contractin g by cash or selected instruments in an account with a broker which is called Margin. To make sure obligations of investor when contract expired, more(prenominal) Margins is necessary if assess of the contract decreases. The motion is called Margin call. On Black Monday, charge movement of future contracts created record sum up of Margin calls for firms which were ab protrude 10 times the average size. Collected payments are paid to investors whose position had gained. some(prenominal) investors lost their ability to enter new positions collectible to Margin calls and some needing to extend credit to make the payment. As investors were unable to pay permissivenesss, brokers placed emergency margin calls with exposed options positions which were assumed to be liquidated due to failure of come uponing margin calls. It occurred repeatedly which possibly made selling pressure in the market and markets were not able to handle these sell orders.3.2 Program TradingSummit Financial Advisors has stated that many another(prenominal) analysts accused programtrading, especially portfolio insurance as a major modestness for the crash. In this trading, computers mechanically order large stocks trades when authentic market trends prevailed. Analysts blamed that the program trading blindly sold stocks when prices declined on 19th October.3.3 Derivative SecuritiesInvestors not only invested in actual stock market but withal in index options and futures markets. Option and future market are called derivatives as the comfort derives due to change of stock prices. The Brady Commission which was commissioned to examine the reasons of the crash implant that the failure of stock mar-kets and derivatives markets to operate in sync was an important factor that contributed to the severity of the crash.3.4 Role of market regulators and their employeesThe allocate of randomness to control & monitor lizard capital market, working in favor of manipulators, approving une thical proposal and issuing wrong directives which pass on to unexpected market conditions deteriorated the image of SEC. investigation declare mentioned some names of corrupt employees of the market regulators who were instanter or validatoryly responsible in the market manipulation. There is a job overlapping between SEC and exchanges. Such as, DSE & SEC both organizations possess surveillance department for the same job but there is no co-ordination. Listing committee of DSE & CSE examines listing application of company but SEC doesnt do it rightly and approve it. Placement of Mutual caudex & initial bearing at a price lower than the market value has become a new method of bribery for powerful employees of regulators. There is another accusation that these senior level employees received placement by using others name which is very difficult to disclose. The field admits that SEC doesnt exact enough employees for example qualified accountant, financial analyst and res earcher to control and monitor the market. Rahman & Moazzem (2011) identified in their study that Dhaka stock exchange is becoming more volatile but the regulators are unable to defend it. They also suggested increase manpower and quality of professionals in SEC.3.5 De coarseization of ExchangesThere are both elected & nominated members in DSE and CSE. Basically, elected members run the administration due to less interest & relation of nominated members. As a result, the players of the capital market act as controllers. meantime, controllers are inactive during unethical activities due to conflict of interest. In the investigating report it was said that different stake holders of capital market and civil society support & contend for demutualization of exchanges. The meaning of Demutualization is separating controlling functions from controllers functions, empowering controller and taking decisions without being motivated by the market players. 3.6 Investment of margin in the c apital marketIn 2009 & 10 banks and financial institutions invested huge bill of deposit bills in the stock market. As a result share prices sky rocketed until declination 2010. When Bangladesh Bank restricted more than 10 percent investment of deposited money, change magnitude CRR and SLR ratio, created liquidity crisis and market crashed.3.7 Pre-IPO & IPO processInvestigation committee considered that due to Pre-IPO & IPO manipulation share prices sky rocketed and that is the main reason for the share market crash. Manipulators illegally & unethically created a Kerb market in Pre-IPO stage. Without recommendation by the listing committee application for IPO was accepted. SEC did not examine perverted asset recap and indicative price. As a result in Pre-IPO or IPO stage placement process and placement trade Kerb market overvalued share prices. This eventually generated liquidity crisis in the capital market.3.8 like face value of shareDuring the meeting between investigation committee and different stake holders of share market, a most important reason for freakish climbing of index was indicated to uniform face value of share at Taka 10. Splitting share does not change revenue or asset of a company and should not affect the share price. But Small investors showed their utmost inter-est to buy split share with their small investment and consequently pushed the price up. Up to 62 listed companies split their shares in 2009 & 2010. So, itabnormally increased liquidity of the market and brought notable change in market capitalization. Investigation report shows that MC increased 655% of companies those adopted share uniform and MC increased only 46% of those that did not adopt. From July 2009 to celestial latitude 2010 the role of total MC were 81.5% of companies which adopted share uniform and only18.5% those that did not adopt.3.9 Placement trade / Kerb marketBefore issuing IPO, Issue manager or Issuer Company sell shares to their nominated person and that is called individual(a) placement or pre-IPO placement. Private placement is risky because it doesnt have accounting discloser. In the unquestionable countries there are some fixed rules but in Bangladesh SEC didnt have proper rules for it. As a result some manipulators used it as a tool of price manipulation. Investigation committee found that in most of the cases placement was offered at less than the IPO price.Though purpose of public offering is participation of public but placement doesnt make sure it. eighter from Decatur companies issued convertible preference share in 2009 & 10 in which average 69% went for placement. So, participation of the public was hindered and that created placement trade or Kerb market. most companies distributed 50-90 percent of their paid up capital in sequestered placement. However, when a company raises too much paid up capital through private placement, the number of free-floating shares decreased. Thats why the difference between deman d & supply push share prices up. besides, non-listed companies created liquidity crisis as huge investment was stuck up with these companies. Placement created new process of trading outside of the share market and that is illegal. By taking chance of placement many small companies raised capital from unskilled and un-informed investors with their artificial financial reports. 3.10 Omnibus accountInvestigation report found Omnibus accounts of ICB and merchant banks as another major reason behind the stock market debacle. Every branch of merchant bank operates only one omnibus account. There could be 3-10 thousands BO Accounts under the omnibus account which are not under the surveillance of SEC. So, information of individual accounts and its transaction are kept only with merchant banks. As investigation reportsshows that this kind of account made a lot of illegal transactions. It publishes name of 30 monumental players including ICB for a lot of suspicious transactions and says most manipulators traded from the omnibus accounts. It was also reported at least Taka 2.5 billion has been traded from hidden or omnibus accounts.3.11 Asset recapitulation & RumorBy taking chance of weak asset revaluation method companies have overvalued their asset. In this process dishonest examineors generated artificial audit reports. So, calculating of NAV on overvalued asset indicates wrong signal. Some companies issued Bonus shares against unrealized gain of revalued asset price which is a faulty accounting practice. There is rule to maintain provision against deferred tax during asset revaluation to pay tax in future, but companies are not following it. Investigation reports pointed some companies which got NAV more than 100% to 3,472% after asset revaluation. 3.12 Book building methodIts a procedure of find price of IPO at which it is offered. The fair price is determined by the demand of a credentials from institutional investors and their indicative price. The main a im of introducing this method in Bangladesh stock market was to attract more firms for enlisting in the stock exchanges through fair share pricing. However, it was found as an instrument of manipulating market prices. Investigation report reveals that during the price discovery/bidding stage investors manipulated share prices for placement with too high price. High price was maintained only for the lock-in period and then investors offloaded their shares. As a result they pulled out a lot of profit within a short period and after that the share price did not increase. In this process corrupted Issuer and issue manager manipulated the price.3.13 Serial and artificial tradingSome manipulators created artificial active trading environment among themselves through bulk transaction and increased share prices. Moreover serial trading and price manipulation by many buy-sell orders through different accounts and broker houses which heat the market.3.14 Issue of Right and preference shareRi ght Share is issued at a discount price to lively shareholders. SEC took 4/5 months to take the decision of right issue proposal which is mysterious. Meanwhile companies inform the market about Right issuance and increased the share price. Moreover, issuance of Right share increase number of share which should decrease share price but it did not hap-pen. Investing in Preference share is safe to captivate a fixed percentage of profit. To make the share lovely companies keep an opportunity to convert it and in that case it is called Convertible Preference Share. Companies issued preference share for only 2-3 months even for 1 month which is not common in other countries. The faults with convertible preference share were its time period (short), convertible process and private placement. Investigation committee found that SEC did not have proper guidelines for Right and Preference Share issuance.3.15 Suspicious transaction of top playersInvestigation report reveals some names of ind ividual and institutional investors as top buyers and sellers during abnormal increase and decrease of index in different time periods. The transactions of these investors were suspicious and affected the market heavily and liable for abnormal rise and fall.3.16 Block placementThere was a lot of suspicious block trading of mutual funds. Some investors got enormous amount of placement time to time.3.17 Direct listingWith the approval of SEC a few(prenominal) companies have been directly listed in the stock exchange. These companies come to the market with inflated share prices. Investigation report mentioned that indicative prices of these companies were determined even 58 times more than EPS and 9 times of NAV. Though share prices of these types of directly listed companies have been artificially determined, but SEC or exchanges did not investigate the reason of abnormal price.4. Impact of the crash East Pakistani stock market experienced through inefficient and irrational hesitat ion of DGEN Index in the year 1996 and 2011 . During 2010, the bullish market turned bearish with the exchange losing 1,800 points between celestial latitude 2010 and January 2011. DGEN Index climbed at point 8918.51 on December 05, 2010 which was overvalued in all aspect. Then the market crashed at point 4877 in November 2011.Figure 3 Daily DGEN index of January, 2011Figure 4 Showing the drift of DSE General Index from June- 10 to May- 11 Impacts of the crash wereAs a result of the market crash, millions of investors have been rendered bankrupt. Because of free fall of share prices, Investors came out in the street again and started protesting against free fall of share prices and chanted slogans against market regulators. Random objects like wood and papers were set on fire in front of the DSE office in Motijheel. Investors came out in the street with processions and demonstrated against free fall of Share index in both bourses as well as suspension of trading. Investors from dif ferent parts of the country such as, Chittagong, Comilla, Narsingdi, Narayanganj and Jessore brought out processions and clashed with law en-forces in some places as well. Investors blamed the speculators and regulators for the bubble that finally burst. providence faced liquidity crisis. Authoritites and government took steps to handle the crisis. But stock market of Bangladesh had already got the adjectival of the worst stock market in the world. And an on red ink market turmoil is still going on.5. Measures taken to stabilize the stock marketSince the collapse of the market in December 2010, a number of initiatives were undertaken by Ministry of Finance (MoF), Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), Bangladesh Bank, Government and Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)/ Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) to stabilize the market. 5.1 Steps taken by government-The government took a number of measures to inject money in the market. This included Tk. 600 crore worth of funds distributed to the st ate-owned banks and Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB), and formation of a mutual fund titled Bangladesh Fund with an initial resource of Tk. 1,500 crore. Under the national budget of FY2011-12, government announced a number of incentives to recover the capital market note. Some of these were re-introduction of tax rebate facilities, tax-free facilities for mutual funds, time extension for non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) to adjust their investment in stock market (revised timeline is December 2013), and adjustment of sensation borrower exposure limit by the commercial banks (revised timeline is December 2013). All these budgetary measures have direct and indirect implications for raising fund for the ailing capital market. A probe committee was created by the government to identify the reasons, people and solution regarding the problem of the stock market. The Probe Committee and the MOF came up with a list of 36-point measures which were to be implemented in three phases (i.e. immediate, short and medium-term). 5.2 Steps taken by SEC-Security & Exchange Commissions employ a lot of directives to keep the market under control in 2010. SEC changed directive of margin loan ratio by increasing it from 10.5 to 11 on 13th December and later it was again hiked to 11.5 & 12 because of free fall of share prices. Actions were taken against persons found guilty for their fraudulent activities, investigation of allegations against the SEC officials who indulged in market manipulation, examination of assets of some of the companies alleged to have been involved in illegal trading, and initiation to probe allegations against several companies was also done. Criminal investigation against a number of companies and persons which was supposed to be carried out by the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) was started but without much visible progress. SEC under its new management has also prepared a 29-point work plan.Of these, eight activities were identified as top urgent, three as urgent, 14 as short term tasks and quadruplet as medium term tasks. The MoF along with SEC and other stakeholders prepared the much-hyped Market Rejuvenation Package. This 21-point parcel focuses on greater participation of banks and other financial institutions in the stock market, besidessetting up a special scheme to provide support to small investors who lost their capital. 5.3 Steps taken by Bangladesh Bank-Bangladesh Bank pushed money into the market as liquidity support. Banks have reportedly kept buying shares patronage suffering from liquidity crises themselves, and not selling any shares.6. Outlook for the futureTo protect the share market of Bangladesh, the regulatory body should take some effective measures. It should introduce some monitoring systems to protect the price manipulations of the share. Provisions should be made to provide all the financial data to the investors so that they can get a proper idea about the company. The market should be free from fake certificates. The government should offer income tax rebate on the income of share market and encourage the banks and non banking institutions to come to the market directly. Some incentives software program for the investors like getting financing at a low cost has to be offered to bring back the investors in the market. Market stabilization fund must be introduced so that it can help to meet up with crisis situation.Since Bangladesh is heading toward the developing nation, capital market can be the engine of growth for its thrift if market becomes structured and efficient. Around the world well reputed stock markets like New York Stock Exchange, capital of the United Kingdom Stock Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange, Tokyo Stock Exchange, Australian Securities Exchange, Dubai Stock Exchange and so on, are regulated and running efficiently that provides significant contribution to their individual economy. Because, stock market is association establish game rather than a place of gambling there must be rational win-lose situation always. But Bangladeshi stock market experienced through inefficient and irrational fluctuation of DGEN Index in the year 1996 and 2011 which resembles the place of gambling. To sum up, from our study, we have found that, there are problems like regretful Gap between the Demand and Supply of stock, extraordinary over pricing of stock, market manipulation, lack of knowledge about the stock market machine among the general investors, price distortion, inefficient regulations, political unrest, etc. These caused the steepest descending(prenominal) fall of DGEN Index in the financial year 2011.As a result, about millions of investors lost their capital which turned them empty within few months. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) ofBangladesh and government should take the short term and long term initiatives to stabilize the market. They should encourage more public limited companies to offer more share to meet the current demands. Income tax rebate, Injection of Market Stabilization Fund, Mandatory holding certain percentage of share among the board of directors, short term incentives packages should be introduced to get back the confidence among the existing investors. Regulatory bodies of Bangladesh stock market must educate the current and potential investors about the market mechanism and provide them the accurate information so that investors trade their shares carefully. Unless, appropiate corrective measures are well formulated and implemented, Bangladeshi stock market will be facing this irrational downward again in the near future. 7. ARAMIT from 2010- 2013From the graph we see that, before the crash market price was above tk 450. And in the time of market crash from December 2010- January11, the price of aramit started to fall and reached tk 436 at the end of January 2011. After that the market fluctuated and hit its lowest of tk 192.6 on february 2012. The current market price as of 24th February,2013 is tk 216.Profit StatusBased on Annualized EPS of 2012 (Q3)BasicCurrent Price Earning Ratio (P/E)(Based on Continuing operation)12.65Based on audited EPS of 2011Current Price Earning Ratio (P/E)(Based on Continuing Operation)15.15Reference 1. http//www.cpd.org.bd/pub_attach/WP95.pdf2. http//publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/47195/saha_sangit.pdf?sequence=1 3. http//www.dsebd.org/displayCompany.php?name=ARAMIT4. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Bangladesh_share_market_scam 5. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka_Stock_Exchange6. http//www.similarsites.com/goto/bdstock.com?pos=2&s=10

Daryl Atkins

Daryl Atkins licit for execution is about Daryl Atkins murder case. Unlike most murder cases though Daryl Atkins was mentally retard and the palisade wasnt weather he was guilty or innocent, it was if he should receive the oddment penalty for his evil or not. The location of the crime played a big role in the jury pickaxe because York County was a more white area compared to Hampton County where Atkins abducted Nesbitt. The prosecutor is the public official who represents the people in legal actions against the criminal offender (pg 25).For serious cases like this case the prosecutor gets involved earlier and work with the natural law to create a case. Virginia appoints lawyers that meet certain qualifications to represent people who cant afford a lawyer. Hampton County appointed George Rogers for Atkins and 2 lawyers for William Jones (Timothy Clancy and Leslie Smith). Under Virginia law the willful, deliberate and premeditated violent death of any mortal during the commi ssioning of a serious crime, such as robbery, abduction, or rape, constitutes capital murder (pg. 0). Daryl Atkins chemical bond was overly unwarranted at $650,00 considering he wasnt believed to be the killer, had know violent acts prior, and was to poor to actually post that bail amount. A epic jury is when a group of people are presented evidence from the prosecutor. The grand jury looks over this evidence and decides if the case should go forward and proceed to trial which would be a truthful bill indictment or if the case should be thrown out.The book talks how a grand theft charge can be moved down to a petit larceny charge by dint of plea-bargaining. William Jones struck a plea bargain by saying he was guilty to all charges yet non-capital murder. Punishment must(prenominal) fit the bill in the U. S. criminal justice system. A individual who steals a TV isnt going to jail for life but a person who kills a person may be going to jail for life. The more serious the cri me the more time must be spent on gathering evidence to make sure there isnt a mistake which might cost an innocent person his life.The main argument against the death penalty is that killing is wrong so know matter who the person is. The other argument is that killers dont study of the consequences when they act, so the death penalty doesnt make a person not kill. Another accusive is that life in prison should be justice enough these inmates dont pose a threat to society anymore so why bother killing them. The Furman v. Georgia case was authorized because at that time any person who was convicted of killing a person was punishable by death.Furman accidently killed William Micke and was nominate guilty, but the Supreme Court upheld the ruling and in doing so outlawed most uses of the death penalty. By having Mary Jones evidenceify it showed how the murder affected the family and that her families life will never be the same. Judge Smiley sentenced Daryl Atkins to death and set his date for execution for August 20, 1998. The Supreme Court decided that it was illegal to have a mentally retarded person receive the death penalty.Prior to the ruling South Carolina still allowed for mentally retarded people to be executed but they hadnt executed any mentally retarded person after the Penry case. Since Daryl Atkins never had a IQ test prior to 18 they couldnt use his test to declare if he was mentally retarded or not. The case continued and because of a Brady case rape Daryl Atkins was sentenced to Life rather than the death penalty. Work Cited Walker, Thomas G. Eligible for Execution The Story of the Daryl Atkins Case. Washington, D. C. CQ, 2008. Print.