Cultural Differences in Joint Ventures Essay -- essays research papers

ESSAY TOPIC (1) A joint venture is affected by the cultural distance surrounded by two partners. In what ways are joint ventures and types of international collaboration affected by cultural differences?INDEXINTRODUCTION2What is finish?2-3The ethnical Orientation Model.4The cultural Gap5-6Understanding Cultural Differences.6The Challenge of Cultural Success..7Cross-cultural training as a solution8The effectiveness of the cross cultural training programs8-9Future Directions for Cross-Cultural fosterage and International Business Assignments..10.Conclusion..10BIBLIOGRAPHY..11INTRODUCTIONSince the end of World War II, international trading operations have become a reality for an increasing number of corporations. Many of these initial efforts began as simple export schemes to sell goods overseas to add on domestic sales. Over time, however, international operations have become increasingly more complex from joint-ventures to purchasing existing foreign firms to green-field start- ups. While export operations usually require no more than extended business trips overseas, more complex international operations demand long-term assignments of key personnel away their home-country. What would normally be considered routine business transactions in the home country can become very complicated when they are conducted between individuals and organizations from several(predicate) cultures. In this essay we will examine how this cultural gap can affect international business and joint ventures.What is culture?The word culture is often expound in terms of concrete ideas or social artifacts. Gary R. Weaver describes some common conceptions such as "good taste," "art or music," or "something that flock in exotic foreign lands had."1 However, culture in the context of international assignments relates to how people perceive the world and the influence this perception has on their actions. It is culture on the interpersonal level. Different cult ures can perceive the same thing differently, which leads to miscommunication and misunderstanding when one crosses into another culture not their own.We... ...s Software of the Mind, (New York, NY McGraw-Hill 1998) 4.5.Ibid., 4.6.Ibid., 4.7.Paul E. Rohrlich, "Why Do We Study Intercultural Communication?," in Culture, Communication and Conflict Readings in Intercultural Relations, 2d ed., ed. Gary R. Weaver (Needham Heights, MA Simon & Schuster Publishing, 1998), 84-87. 8.Ibid., 85.9.Ibid., 85.10. (Schneider & Barsoux 19971).11. Satish P. Deshpande and Chockalingam Viswesvaran, "Is Cross-cultural Training of Expatriate Managers utile A Meta Analysis," International Journal of Intercultural Relations 16 (1992) 296.12.Environments," in Culture, Communication and Conflict Readings in Intercultural Relations, 2d ed., ed. Gary R. Weaver (Needham Heights, MA Simon & Schuster Publishing, 1998), 185-186.13. Stewart J. Black and recognize Mendenhall, "Cros s-cultural Training Effectiveness A Review and a Theoretical Framework for Future Research," Academy of Management Review, No. 1 (1990), 132.14. Deshpande and Viswesvaran, 301.15. Rosalie L. Tung, "Selection and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignments," Columbia Journal of World Business, (Spring 1981), 68-78.